Page 113 - MDSL Final

PRINCIPLES OF WAR

The Aim of Allied plan for the ground phase of Operation
OVERLORD is to direct every military operation towards a clearly
defined, decisive and attainable objectives. The objectives must
directly, quickly and economically contribute to the purpose
of the operation. Each operation must contribute to strategic
aim and objectives. Actions that do not contribute directly
to achieving the aim and objectives should be avoided. At a
macro-level, the US strategic objective was to ‘defeat Germany
first’. By today’s definitions, OVERLORD was essentially a
campaign plan that had both strategic and operational aim
and objectives. Despite the magnitude of OVERLORD (aimed
at an unconditional defeat of Germany) and the numerous
tactical operations that it would require; the campaign plan
stated the commander’s intent clearly, simply and succinctly.
The understanding conveyed to subordinate commands would
enable confidence, encouraged freedom of manoeuvre and
ultimately be key to both operational and tactical success.
Eisenhower wrote a simple and inclusive order for OVERLORD;
‘Land on the Normandy coast. Build up the resources needed for
a decisive battle in the Normandy-Brittany region and breakout
of the enemy’s encircling positions.’

Maintenance of Morale

Morale is a factor, which bears on the human element in war. It is the
general spirit or state of mind of a group of people as reflected by their
behaviour under all conditions. High morale engenders courage, energy,
cohesion, endurance, steadfastness, determination and a bold, offensive
spirit. Good leadership, thorough training and success on operations
will all contribute to high morale. Actions taken directly or indirectly to
destroy the enemy’s morale are an important means of reducing the
enemy’s combat effectiveness.

To Nurture a Stable Environment at Sea 95