Page 138 - MDSL Final

MARITIME DOCTRINE OF SRI LANKA
piracy regime. Further, the SUA Convention to deal with modern type
of terrorist activities took initiative to update the existing convention
more comprehensively to address the new form of maritime terrorism
including proliferation of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons and
use of ship as a weapon. 74

The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code

The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code in 2004 has
led to change the entire maritime security concerns and uphold the
standard of maritime community to appreciate the new security situation
after 9/11 incident in the USA. IMO initiated new International security
standard and practices for all concerned in maritime transportation since
01st July 2004. In this initiative, IMO has reinforced SOLAS Convention
by including ISPS Code as an amendment to Chapter XI. The ISPS Code
introduces comprehensive security requirements to be implemented
by governments, port authorities and shipping companies including
SOLAS vessels in Part-A as a mandatory requirement to comply with and
in Part-B it introduces guidelines to meet the security requirements.
The ISPS Code is the widely accepted international convention which
addresses the maritime security and especially against the maritime
terrorism. 75

Rules of Engagement (ROE)

ROE are legal and political parameters on the use of force. They are likely
to be specific to particular operations and will be governed by LOAC,
domestic law, and political considerations. There may be valid political
reasons for limiting the use of lawful force and by defining the degree and
manner in which force is to be used. ROE ensure that commanders know
the constraints they are acting under. Commanders are not permitted
to exceed these levels of delegation without higher command approval,
but the right of self-defence remains the implicit prerogative of every
commanding officer or individual. However, ROEs are not intended to
assign specific tasks or tactical instructions. 76

120 To Nurture a Stable Environment at Sea