Page 51 - MDSL Final
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THE SPECTRUM OF CONFLICT
                   •  Interest Based Conflict.     A  conflict  arising  from  a
                       dispute over trade, resources, international or regional
                       status is considered to be interest based.
                 Iran-Iraq War over Oil in the Persian Gulf (1980 - 1988)

                The  War  began  on  22  September  1980,  when  Iraq
                invaded Iran and it terminated on 20 August 1988, when
                Iraq  accepted  the  UN-brokered  ceasefire.  The  war  also
                followed a long history of border disputes and Iraq planned
                to annex the oil-rich Khuzestan Province and the east bank
                of the Arvand Rud (Shatt al-Arab).


                   •  Value Based Conflict. A  conflict  arising  from  a  dispute
                       relating to territory or resulting from religious or ethnic
                       rivalry can be considered to be value based.
               The Conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia (1998 - 2018)

               The  Eritrean-Ethiopian  War,  one  of  the  conflicts  in  the
               Horn of Africa, took place between Ethiopia and Eritrea
               from May 1998 to June 2000, with the final peace only
               agreed to in 2018. Eritrea and Ethiopia, two of the world’s
               poorest countries, spent hundreds of millions of dollars
               on the war. It had suffered tens of thousands of casualties
               as a direct result of the conflict, where only minor border
               changes resulted.


        Military Response to Conflict

        Military response to conflict will require armed forces to be deployed
        according to the level of the conflict. Here we have to understand that
        during peace, armed forces are deployed to carryout military activities
        in peace.  When there is conflict other than war the armed forces are
        deployed for operations other than war.

        At the same time when there is a regional conflict, limited war or general
        war, the armed forces will be deployed for war fighting. It is therefore
        useful to consider conflict as a spectrum.

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